Brane gases in the early universe: thermodynamics and cosmology

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dc.creatorEasther, Richard
dc.creatorGreene, Brian R.
dc.creatorJackson, Mark G.
dc.creatorKabat, Daniel
dc.date2003-07-23
dc.date2003-08-08
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T11:32:12Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T11:32:12Z
dc.descriptionWe consider the thermodynamic and cosmological properties of brane gases in the early universe. Working in the low energy limit of M-theory we assume the universe is a homogeneous but anisotropic 10-torus containing wrapped 2-branes and a supergravity gas. We describe the thermodynamics of this system and estimate a Hagedorn temperature associated with excitations on the branes. We investigate the cross-section for production of branes from the thermal bath and derive Boltzmann equations governing the number of wrapped branes. A brane gas may lead to decompactification of three spatial dimensions. To investigate this possibility we adopt initial conditions in which we fix the volume of the torus but otherwise assume all states are equally likely. We solve the Einstein-Boltzmann equations numerically, to determine the number of dimensions with no wrapped branes at late times; these unwrapped dimensions are expected to decompactify. Finally we consider holographic bounds on the initial volume, and find that for allowed initial volumes all branes typically annihilate before freeze-out can occur.
dc.description33 pages, LaTeX, 6 figures. v2: added references
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0307233
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0307233
dc.identifierJCAP0401:006,2004
dc.identifierdoi:10.1088/1475-7516/2004/01/006
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/197517
dc.subjectHigh Energy Physics - Theory
dc.titleBrane gases in the early universe: thermodynamics and cosmology
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