Non-classicality and quandle difference invariants

dc.creatorHarrell, Natasha
dc.creatorNelson, Sam
dc.date2006-01-02
dc.date2006-06-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T07:45:01Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T07:45:01Z
dc.descriptionNon-classical virtual knots may have non-isomorphic upper and lower quandles. We exploit this property to define the quandle difference invariant, which can detect non-classicality by comparing the numbers of homomorphisms into a finite quandle from a virtual knot's upper and lower quandles. The invariants for small-order finite quandles detect non-classicality in several interesting virtual knots. We compute the difference invariant with the six smallest connected quandles for all non-evenly intersticed Gauss codes with 3 and 4 crossings. For non-evenly intersticed Gauss codes with 4 crossings, the difference invariant detects non-classicality in 86% of codes which have non-trivial upper or lower counting invariant values.
dc.description10 pages. Version 3: Changes made as suggested by referee. To appear in Topology Proceedings
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/math/0601006
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/math/0601006
dc.identifierTopology Proceedings 30 (2006) 251-263.
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/123406
dc.subjectGeometric Topology
dc.subject57M25, 57M27
dc.titleNon-classicality and quandle difference invariants
dc.typetext

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