First-kind measurements, non-demolition measurements, and conservation laws
Abstract
Description
A general discussion is given for first-kind (FK) and quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements. The general conditions for these measurements are derived, including the most general one (called the weak condition), an intermediate one, and the strongest one. The weak condition indicates that we can realize a FK or QND measuring apparatus of wide classes of observables by allowing the apparatus to have a finite response range. A recently-proposed QND photodetector using an electron interferometer is an example of such apparatus.
7 pages including 1 figure. A typo (of the book version and the previous quant-ph version) in Eq. (9) has been fixed. Figure 1 has been included in the manuscript. Style parameters have been adjusted to fit both the A4 and US letter papers
7 pages including 1 figure. A typo (of the book version and the previous quant-ph version) in Eq. (9) has been fixed. Figure 1 has been included in the manuscript. Style parameters have been adjusted to fit both the A4 and US letter papers