Atomic Theory of Collective Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensation and Spontaneously Broken Gauge Symmetry
| dc.creator | Han, S. J. | |
| dc.date | 2005-05-16 | |
| dc.date | 2005-09-14 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-07-07T03:05:13Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-07-07T03:05:13Z | |
| dc.description | A theory of collective excitations in Bose-Einstein condensation in a trap is developed based on the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equation of Bohm and the phase coherence along with the idea of off-diagonal long range order of Penrose and Onsager. First, we show that a free surface behaves like a normal fluid - a breakdown of superfluidity. Second, inside the free surface it is shown that the spectrum of phonons is of the form $ω=ck$ scaled with the external potential, where the speed of (first) sound, $c=[4πaρ\hbar^{2}]^{1/2}/M$ and $k$ is the wave number. Third, in the limit $a\to 0$, the hard spheres in the Bose-Einstein condensation collapse to a close-packed classical lattice with the zero-point vibrational motion about fixed points. | |
| dc.description | total 16 pages, including 1 figure | |
| dc.identifier | https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505372 | |
| dc.identifier | http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505372 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/26367 | |
| dc.subject | Other Condensed Matter | |
| dc.title | Atomic Theory of Collective Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensation and Spontaneously Broken Gauge Symmetry | |
| dc.type | text |