Thermodynamic Behavior of Friedmann Equation at Apparent Horizon of FRW Universe

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dc.creatorAkbar, M.
dc.creatorCai, Rong-Gen
dc.date2006-09-19
dc.date2007-03-14
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T10:26:04Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T10:26:04Z
dc.descriptionIt is shown that the differential form of Friedmann equation of a FRW universe can be rewritten as a universal form $dE = TdS + WdV$ at apparent horizon, where $E$ and $V$ are the matter energy and volume inside the apparent horizon (the energy $E$ is the same as the Misner-Sharp energy in the case of Einstein general relativity), $W=(ρ-P)/2$ is the work density and $ρ$ and $P$ are energy density and pressure of the matter in the universe, respectively. From the thermodynamic identity one can derive that the apparent horizon has associated entropy $S= A/4G$ and temperature $T = κ/ 2π$ in Einstein general relativity, where $A$ is the area of apparent horizon and $κ$ is the surface gravity at apparent horizon. We extend our procedure to the Gauss-Bonnet gravity and more general Lovelock gravity and show that the differential form of Friedmann equations in these gravities can also be rewritten to thee universal form $dE = TdS + WdV$ at the apparent horizon with entropy $S$ being given by expression previously known via black hole thermodynamics.
dc.descriptionv4: Revtex, 18 pages, to appear in PRD
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0609128
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0609128
dc.identifierPhys.Rev.D75:084003,2007
dc.identifierdoi:10.1103/PhysRevD.75.084003
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/176756
dc.subjectHigh Energy Physics - Theory
dc.subjectGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
dc.titleThermodynamic Behavior of Friedmann Equation at Apparent Horizon of FRW Universe
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