Vortex lattices of bosons in deep rotating optical lattices
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We study vortex-lattice phases for a Bose gas trapped in a rotating optical-lattice near the superfluid--Mott-insulator transition. We find a series of abrupt structural phase transitions where vortices are pinned with their cores only on plaquettes or only on sites. We discuss connections between these vortex structures and the Hofstadter-butterfly spectrum of free particles on a rotating lattice.
15 Pages, 5 Figures; Title slightly modified; References updated; Organized into sections; Typos corrected; Some discussion added
15 Pages, 5 Figures; Title slightly modified; References updated; Organized into sections; Typos corrected; Some discussion added