Quantum limits to the second law and breach of symmetry

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dc.creatorNikulov, Alexey
dc.date2005-05-20
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T03:05:17Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T03:05:17Z
dc.descriptionConnection between an intrinsic breach of symmetry of equilibrium motion and violation of the second law is accentuated. An intrinsic breach only of clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion can be logical under equilibrium conditions, whereas a breach of right-left symmetry should be always an actual violation of the second law. The reader's attention is drawn to experimental evidence of an intrinsic breach of the clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry of a circular equilibrium motion, well known as the persistent current. The persistent current is observed in mesoscopic normal metal, semiconductor and superconductor loops and the clockwise - counter-clockwise symmetry is broken because of the discrete spectrum of the permitted states of quantum charged particles in a closed loop. The quantum oscillations of the dc voltage observed on a segment of an asymmetric superconducting loop is experimental evidence of the intrinsic breach of the right-left symmetry and an actual violation of the second law.
dc.description9 pages, 2 figures, the Invited Lecture presented at the Conference "Frontiers of Quantum and Mesoscopic Thermodynamics" 26-29 July 2004, Prague
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505508
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505508
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/26391
dc.subjectStatistical Mechanics
dc.subjectSuperconductivity
dc.titleQuantum limits to the second law and breach of symmetry
dc.typetext

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