Information-Theoretic Description of No-go Theorem of a Bit Commitment
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We give a comprehensive and constructive proof of the no-go theorem of a bit commitment given by Mayers, Lo, and Chau from the viewpoint of quantum information theory. It is shown that there is a trade-off relation between information acquired by Bob during the commitment phase and the ability to change a commit bit by Alice during the opening phase. It is clarified that a protocol that is unbiased to both Alice and Bob cannot be, at the same time, secure against both parties. Fundamental physical constraints that govern this no-go theorem are also discussed.
8 pages, 1 figure, Revtex; v2: some improvements in explanation, linguistic errors are corrected, changed format
8 pages, 1 figure, Revtex; v2: some improvements in explanation, linguistic errors are corrected, changed format