Atomic Theory of the Two-fluid Model: Broken Gauge Symmetry in Bose-Einstein condensation
| dc.creator | Han, S. J. | |
| dc.date | 2005-09-14 | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-07-07T03:06:36Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-07-07T03:06:36Z | |
| dc.description | We discuss the collective excitations in a spatially inhomogeneous (cylindrically symmetric) Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) at low temperature ($T \ll T_λ$). The main result is the dispersion relation for a (first) sound wave that is obtained by describing the perturbation as a Lagrangian coordinate. The dispersion curve is in good agreement with the Bogoliubov phonon spectrum $ω=c k$, where $k=k_θ=m/r$, the wave number and $c=[4 πa ρ\hbar^{2}]^{1/2}/M$, the speed of first sound. Based on Bohm's quantum theory, a spontaneously broken gauge symmetry in a quantum fluid is discussed in terms of the quantum fluctuation-dissipation, from which it is shown that the symmetry breaking takes place at the free surface of BEC in an external field. | |
| dc.description | 20 pages plus one figure | |
| dc.identifier | https://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0509350 | |
| dc.identifier | http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0509350 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/26872 | |
| dc.subject | Other Condensed Matter | |
| dc.subject | Statistical Mechanics | |
| dc.title | Atomic Theory of the Two-fluid Model: Broken Gauge Symmetry in Bose-Einstein condensation | |
| dc.type | text |