Universality of equilibrium one-dimensional transport from gauge invariance
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In this letter we address the question how interactions affect the DC conductance of a one-dimensional electron system not necessarily adequately described by the Luttinger model. Using a Laughlin type argument, we show that gauge invariance protects the universal value of the conductance of $e^2/h$ per channel per spin orientation if the system possesses two conserved charges conjugate to the chemical potentials of the external reservoirs.
4pages, LaTeX
4pages, LaTeX