Order-reducing Form Symmetries and Semiconjugate Factorizations of Difference Equations

dc.creatorSedaghat, H.
dc.date2008-04-22
dc.date2008-05-27
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T09:40:46Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T09:40:46Z
dc.descriptionThe scalar difference equation $x_{n+1}=f_{n}(x_{n},x_{n-1},...,x_{n-k})$ may exhibit symmetries in its form that allow for reduction of order through substitution or a change of variables. Such form symmetries can be defined generally using the semiconjugate relation on a group which yields a reduction of order through the semiconjugate factorization of the difference equation of order $k+1$ into equations of lesser orders. Different classes of equations are considered including separable equations and homogeneous equations of degree 1. Applications include giving a complete factorization of the linear non-homogeneous difference equation of order $k+1$ into a system of $k+1$ first order linear non-homogeneous equations in which the coefficients are the eigenvalues of the higher order equation. Form symmetries are also used to explain the complicated multistable behavior of a separable, second order exponential equation.
dc.description25 pages, 2 figures; reduction of order based on the new concept of form symmetry and semiconjugate factorization; Version 2 adds a converse to Theorem 2, a new example and several remarks; it also updates references (two new papers on this topic accepted) and corrects minor errors
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/0804.3579
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0804.3579
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/161593
dc.subjectDynamical Systems
dc.subjectExactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
dc.subject39A10 (Primary); 39A11, 39A20, 39B12, 39B52, 39B72 (Secondary)
dc.titleOrder-reducing Form Symmetries and Semiconjugate Factorizations of Difference Equations
dc.typetext

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