Super-critically accreting stellar-mass black holes as ultraluminous X-ray sources

Simple item page
dc.creatorPoutanen, Juri
dc.creatorLipunova, Galina
dc.creatorFabrika, Sergei
dc.creatorButkevich, Alexey G.
dc.creatorAbolmasov, Pavel
dc.date2006-09-11
dc.date2007-02-23
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T11:04:10Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T11:04:10Z
dc.descriptionWe derive the luminosity-temperature relation for the super-critically accreting black holes (BHs) and compare it to the data on ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). At super-Eddington accretion rates, an outflow forms within the spherization radius. We construct the accretion disc model accounting for the advection and the outflow, and compute characteristic disc temperatures. The bolometric luminosity exceeds the Eddington luminosity L_Edd by a logarithmic factor 1+0.6 ln mdot (where mdot is the accretion rate in Eddington units) and the wind kinetic luminosity is close to L_Edd. The apparent luminosity for the face-on observer is 2-7 times higher because of geometrical beaming. Such an observer has a direct view of the inner hot accretion disc, which has a peak temperature T_max of a few keV in stellar-mass BHs. The emitted spectrum extends as a power-law F_E ~ E**{-1} down to the temperature at the spherization radius T_sp ~ mdot**(-1/2) keV. We associate T_max with a few keV spectral components and T_sp with the soft, 0.1-0.2 keV components observed in ULXs. An edge-on observer sees only the soft emission from the extended envelope, with the photosphere radius exceeding the spherization radius by orders of magnitude. The dependence of the photosphere temperature on luminosity is consistent with that observed in the super-Eddington accreting BHs SS 433 and V4641 Sgr. Strong outflows combined with the large intrinsic X-ray luminosity of the central BH explain naturally the presence of the photoionized nebulae around ULXs. An excellent agreement between the model and the observational data strongly argues in favour of ULXs being super-critically accreting, stellar-mass BHs similar to SS 433, but viewed close to the symmetry axis.
dc.description8 pages, 5 figures; heavily revised version; accepted to MNRAS
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609274
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0609274
dc.identifierMon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.377:1187-1194,2007
dc.identifierdoi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11668.x
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/188798
dc.subjectAstrophysics
dc.titleSuper-critically accreting stellar-mass black holes as ultraluminous X-ray sources
dc.typetext

Files

Collections

arXiv