Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Off-diagonal Long-range Order, and Nucleation of Quantum State

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dc.creatorShi, Yu
dc.date1997-02-11
dc.date1997-03-22
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T09:05:12Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T09:05:12Z
dc.descriptionSpontaneous symmetry breaking originats in quantum mechanical measurement of the relevant observable defining the physical situation, order parameter is the average of this observable. A modification is made on the random-phase postulate validating the ensemble description. Off-diagonal long-range order, macroscopic wavefunction and interference effects in many-particle systems present when there is a so-called nucleation of quantum state, which is proposed to be the origin of spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking, for which nonconservation of particle number N is not essential. The approach based on nonvanishing expectation of the field operator, $<\hatψ(\vec{r})>$, is only a coherent-state approximation in thermodynamic limit. When $N \to \infty$, this approach is equivalent, but $<\hatψ(\vec{r})>$ is not the macroscopic wavefunction.
dc.description26 pages, Latex, a revised version
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9702026
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9702026
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/149634
dc.subjectQuantum Physics
dc.subjectCondensed Matter
dc.titleSpontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Off-diagonal Long-range Order, and Nucleation of Quantum State
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