Heisenberg constraints on mesoscopic and molecular amplifiers

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Heisenberg uncertainty relations for current components impose constraints on the performance of linear amplifiers. Here we derive such constraints for amplifiers in which the input signal modulates a bias current in order to produce an amplified output. These amplifiers include transistors, macroscopic, mesoscopic, or molecular, operated as linear amplifiers.
4 pages. To appear in the Proceddings of Rencontres de Moriond on Quantum Information and Decoherence in Nanosystems, January 2004

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