Interpretation of the Stephan Quintet Galaxy Cluster using Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics: Viscosity and Fragmentation

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dc.creatorGibson, Carl H.
dc.creatorSchild, Rudolph E.
dc.date2007-10-29
dc.date2007-10-31
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T08:39:24Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T08:39:24Z
dc.descriptionStephan's Quintet (SQ) is a compact group of galaxies that has been well studied since its discovery in 1877 but is mysterious using cold dark matter hierarchical clustering cosmology (CDMHCC). Anomalous red shifts $z = (0.0027,0.019, 0.022, 0.022, 0.022)$ among galaxies in SQ either reduce it to a Trio with two highly improbable intruders from CDMHCC or support the Arp (1973) hypothesis that its red shifts are intrinsic. An alternative is provided by the Gibson 1996-2006 hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) theory where superclusters, clusters and galaxies all originate by gravitational fragmentation in the super-viscous plasma epoch and at planetary and star cluster mass scales in the primordial gas of the expanding universe. By this fluid-mechanical cosmology, the SQ galaxies gently separate and remain precisely along a line of sight because of perspective and the small transverse velocities permitted by their sticky viscous-gravitational beginnings. Star and gas bridges and young-globular-star-cluster (YGC) trails observed by the Hubble Space Telescope are triggered as SQ galaxies separate through viscous baryonic-dark-matter halos of dark proto-globular-cluster (PGC) clumps of frozen Earth-mass primordial-fog-particles (PFPs).
dc.description14 pages, 3 figures, see http://sdcc3.ucsd.edu/~ir118 for more information
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/0710.5449
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/0710.5449
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/141058
dc.subjectAstrophysics
dc.titleInterpretation of the Stephan Quintet Galaxy Cluster using Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics: Viscosity and Fragmentation
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