A New Thermodynamics from Nuclei to Stars III

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dc.creatorGross, D. H. E.
dc.date2005-05-18
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T13:09:05Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T13:09:05Z
dc.descriptionEquilibrium statistics of Hamiltonian systems is correctly described by the microcanonical ensemble. Classically this is the manifold of all points in the $N-$body phase space with the given total energy. Due to Boltzmann's principle, $e^S=tr(δ(E-H))$, its geometrical size is related to the entropy $S(E,N,...)$. This definition does not invoke any information theory, no thermodynamic limit, no extensivity, and no homogeneity assumption, as are needed in conventional (canonical) thermo-statistics. Therefore, it describes the equilibrium statistics of extensive as well of non-extensive systems. Due to this fact it is the {\em fundamental} definition of any classical equilibrium statistics. It can address nuclei and astrophysical objects as well. All kind of phase transitions can be distinguished sharply and uniquely for even small systems. It is further shown that the second law is a natural consequence of the statistical nature of thermodynamics which describes all systems with the same -- redundant -- set of few control parameters simultaneously. It has nothing to do with the thermodynamic limit. It even works in systems which are by far {\em larger} than any thermodynamic "limit".
dc.description22 pages, 11 figures, treatment of the second law included
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505450
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0505450
dc.identifierEntropy 6:158-179,2004
dc.identifierdoi:10.3390/e6010158
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/228621
dc.subjectStatistical Mechanics
dc.subjectAstrophysics
dc.subjectNuclear Theory
dc.subjectAtomic and Molecular Clusters
dc.titleA New Thermodynamics from Nuclei to Stars III
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