Hard X-ray emission of the Earth's atmosphere: Monte Carlo simulations

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dc.creatorSazonov, S.
dc.creatorChurazov, E.
dc.creatorSunyaev, R.
dc.creatorRevnivtsev, M.
dc.date2006-08-11
dc.date2007-03-20
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T11:04:08Z
dc.date.available2026-07-07T11:04:08Z
dc.descriptionWe perform Monte Carlo simulations of cosmic ray-induced hard X-ray radiation from the Earth's atmosphere. We find that the shape of the spectrum emergent from the atmosphere in the energy range 25-300 keV is mainly determined by Compton scatterings and photoabsorption, and is almost insensitive to the incident cosmic-ray spectrum. We provide a fitting formula for the hard X-ray surface brightness of the atmosphere as would be measured by a satellite-born instrument, as a function of energy, solar modulation level, geomagnetic cutoff rigidity and zenith angle. A recent measurement by the INTEGRAL observatory of the atmospheric hard X-ray flux during the occultation of the cosmic X-ray background by the Earth agrees with our prediction within 10%. This suggests that Earth observations could be used for in-orbit calibration of future hard X-ray telescopes. We also demonstrate that the hard X-ray spectra generated by cosmic rays in the crusts of the Moon, Mars and Mercury should be significantly different from that emitted by the Earth's atmosphere.
dc.description12 pages, 16 figures, MNRAS accepted
dc.identifierhttps://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0608253
dc.identifierhttp://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0608253
dc.identifierMon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc.377:1726-1736,2007
dc.identifierdoi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11746.x
dc.identifier.urihttp://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/188788
dc.subjectAstrophysics
dc.titleHard X-ray emission of the Earth's atmosphere: Monte Carlo simulations
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