Decays, contact P-wave interactions and hyperfine structure in Omega- exotic atoms
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Contact $P$-wave interactions connected to the Larmor interaction of a magnetic dipole and Thomas spin precession in the filed of an electric quadrupole are described and their implications for spectroscopy of exotic $Ω^{-}$-atoms are studied. In order to evaluate the magnitude of the contact $P$-wave interactions as compared to the conventional long-range interactions and the sensitivity of spectroscopic data to the $Ω^{-}$-hyperon quadrupole moment, we consider $2P$ states of $Ω^{-}$ atoms formed with light stable nuclei with spins $I \geq 1/2$ and atomic numbers $Z \leq 10$. The energy level splitting caused by the contact interactions is 2-5 orders of magnitude smaller than the conventional long-range interactions. Strong decay widths of $pΩ^{-}$ atoms due to reactions $pΩ^{-} \to ΛΞ^{0}$ and $pΩ^{-} \to ΣΞ$, induced by $t$-channel kaon exchanges, are calculated. $Ω^{-}$ atoms formed with the light nuclei have strong widths 5-6 orders of magnitude higher than splitting caused by the contact interactions. The low-$L$ pattern in the energy spectra of intermediate- and high-$Z$ $Ω^{-}$ atoms thus cannot be observed. The $Ω^{-}$ quadrupole moment can be measured by observing $X$-rays from circular transitions between high-$L$ levels in $Ω^{-}$ exotic atoms. The effect of strong interactions in $^{208}$Pb$Ω^{-}$ atoms is negligible starting from $L \sim 10$. The contact $P$-wave interactions exist in ordinary atoms and $μ$-meson atoms.
LaTeX 49 pages, 3 eps figures, replaced with published version
LaTeX 49 pages, 3 eps figures, replaced with published version