2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/89079Accounting for resources is the central issue in computational efficiency. We point out physical constraints implicit in information readout that have been overlooked in classical computing. The basic particle-counting mode of read-out sets a lower bound on the resources needed to implement a quantum computer. As a consequence, computers based on classical waves are as efficient as those based on single quantum particles.4 pages, 1 figureQuantum Physicstext