2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/118764It is demonstrated that to optimally enhance directed transport by symmetry breaking of temporal forces there exists a universal force waveform which allows to deduce universal scaling laws that explain previous results for a great diversity of systems subjected to a standard biharmonic force and provide a universal quantitative criterion to optimize any application of the ratchet effect induced by symmetry breaking of temporal forces.9 pages, 1 figureSuperconductivitytext