2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/214926The potential of heavy quarks as probes of the environment produced in hadronic and heavy-ion reactions is discussed. A key role is played by coalescence processes and/or resonance formation which are promising candidates to provide a comprehensive understanding of phenomena associated with reinteractions of both open and hidden heavy-quark states.Invited talk at Int. Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High Energy Nuclear Collisions (Ericeira, Portugal, Nov. 4-10), 6 pages latex incl. 10 eps figs and EPJ style files, v2: reference added and text slightly modifiedHigh Energy Physics - Phenomenologytext