2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/229871A topological insulator and its spin analogue as a gapped spin liquid have characteristic low energy excitations (edge states) within the gap when the systems have boundaries. This is the bulk-edge correspondence, which implies that the edge states themselves characterize the gapped bulk spin liquid. Based on the general principle, we analyzed the vector chirality phase of the spin-1/2 ladder with ring exchange by using the edge states and the entanglement entropy.6 pages, 10 figuresStrongly Correlated Electronstext