2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/168063The article is devoted to different aspects of the question "What can be done with a matrix by low rank perturbation?" It is proved that one can change a geometrically simple spectrum drastically by a rank 1 permutation, but the situation is quite different if one restricts oneself to normal matrices. Also, the Jordan normal form of a perturbed matrix is considered. It is proved that with respect to rank as a distance all almost unitary matrices are near unitary.This is essentially a new paper, has new results and cites. When we were writing the previous version we were not aware about some related works and results..Functional Analysis15A03; 15A18text