2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/139822We give a unified description of morphisms and comorphisms of Lie pseudoalgebras, showing that the both types of morphisms can be regarded as subalgebras of a Lie pseudoalgebra, called the $ψ$-sum. We also provide similar descriptions for morphisms and comorphisms of Lie algebroids and groupoids.25 pages, no figureRings and AlgebrasCommutative Algebra17B65;18B40;58H05text