2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/148124It is shown that the binding effect that is associated with the short range part of the Goldstone boson exchange interaction between constituent quarks provides a good description of the $πN$ $σ$-term.7 pages, LaTeX file, essential modifications in the text have been madeHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyNuclear Theorytext