2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/53478The mechanism underlying any bosonisation or fermionisation is exposed.It is shown that any local theory of fermions on a lattice in any spatial dimension greater than one is equivalent to a local theory of Ising spins coupled to a $Z_{2}$ gauge field.There is a close relation to the description of anyons using a Chern-Simons term.9 pages Latex, imsc no. 93/High Energy Physics - TheoryCondensed MatterHigh Energy Physics - Latticetext