2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/12539Cosmological simulation of gravitational weak lensing in open models is treated using the direct integration method, which is independent of the mult-lens-plane method. Statistical averages of optical quantuties (the convergencen shear and amplification) are derived for ray bundles passing through the clumpy universe, in which the initial state has the CDM spectrum with the power n = 1.11pages, 5 postscript figuresAstrophysicstext