2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/183459The separation between the spin and the charge converts the quantum mechanical Pauli Hamiltonian into the Hamiltonian of the non-Abelian Georgi-Glashow model, notorious for its magnetic monopoles and confinement. The independent spin and charge fluctuations both lead to the Faddeev model, suggesting the existence of a deep duality structure and indicating that the fundamental carriers of spin and charge are knotted solitons.7 pages; v2: new results added, references updatedQuantum PhysicsStrongly Correlated ElectronsHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyHigh Energy Physics - Theorytext