2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/11880Gravitational interactions and mergers affect the morphologies and dynamics of galaxies from our Local Group to the limits of the observable universe. Observations of interacting galaxies at low redshifts (z < 0.2) yield detailed information about many of the processes at work. I briefly review these processes and the growing evidence that mergers play a major role in the delayed formation of elliptical and early-type disk galaxies both in the field and in clusters. Low-z observations clearly contradict the notion of a single epoch of E formation at z > 2; instead, E and S0 galaxies continue forming to the present. The different rates of E and S0 formation inferred from observations of distant and nearby clusters may partially reflect the dependence of dynamical friction on mass: Major, E-forming mergers may tend to occur earlier than minor, S0-forming mergers because the dynamical friction is strongest for equal-mass galaxies.10 pages, including 1 EPS figure, LaTeX, uses crckapb.sty and epsf.sty. To appear in proceedings of IAU Symp. 186, "Galaxy Interactions at Low and High Redshift", ed. D.B. Sanders (Kluwer, Dordrecht), 1998Astrophysicstext