2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/31039Treebank formats and associated software tools are proliferating rapidly, with little consideration for interoperability. We survey a wide variety of treebank structures and operations, and show how they can be mapped onto the annotation graph model, and leading to an integrated framework encompassing tree and non-tree annotations alike. This development opens up new possibilities for managing and exploiting multilayer annotations.8 pagesComputation and LanguageI.2.7text