2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/10572Contemporary multidimensional cosmological theories predict different variations of fundamental physical constants in course of the cosmological evolution. On the basis of the QSO spectra analysis, we show that the fine-structure constant α=e^2/(\hbar c) and the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ=m_p/m_e reveal no statistically significant variation over the last 90% of the lifetime of the Universe. At the 2σsignificance level, the following upper bounds are obtained for the epoch corresponding to the cosmological redshifts z ~ 3 (i.e., ~ 10 Gyr ago): |Δα/α| < 0.00016 and |Δμ/μ| < 0.00022. The corresponding upper limits to the time-average rates of the constant variations are |dα/(αdt)| < 1.6\times 10^{-14} yr^{-1} and |dμ/(μdt)| < 2.2\times10^{-14} yr^{-1}. These limits serve as criteria for selection of those theoretical models which predict αand μvariation with the cosmological time. In addition, we test a possible anisotropy of the high-redshift fine splitting over the celestial sphere, which might reveal a non-equality of αvalues in causally disconnected areas of the Universe.4 pages, LaTeX (uses sprocl.sty and epsf.sty, included), 1 embedded PostScript figure. To be published in Proceedings of the Second International Sakharov Memorial Conference (Moscow, 19-26 May, 1996)AstrophysicsGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmologytext