2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/15992We introduce two sets of continuum equations to describe granular flow on a free surface and study their properties. The equations derived from a microscopic picture that includes jumps and a mobility threshold, account for ripple and crater formation.8 pages, 6 figuresCondensed MatterModels for Free Granular Surfacestext