2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/6048The customary picture of the fireball deceleration by an external medium neglects two physical agents in the problem that are important at radii R<10^{17} cm: a radiative precursor (the prompt GRB) and a relativistic front of free neutrons. The radiative precursor preaccelerates the medium and loads it with e+- pairs. This provides a new explanation for the early optical flashes in GRBs. The front of free neutrons must form in a standard baryonic fireball and change the mechanism of the fireball deceleration. The neutron effect, however, disappears if the fireball is strongly dominated by the Poynting flux. The neutrons thus provide a unique link between the progenitor physics and the observed external blast wave. The explosion mechanism at R<10^{17} cm is testable with upcoming observations of early afterglows.12 pages, invited talk at Niels Bohr Summer Institute, "Beaming and Jets in Gamma Ray Bursts"Astrophysicstext