2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/27384It is shown that practically any physically relevant random distribution of offset charges destroys the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii charge-unbinding phase transition in two dimensional normal and superconducting granular arrays and films. The array conductance obeys the Arrenius dependence on temperature. Offset charge disorder decreases the effective Coulomb gap of the system and may account for recent experimental findings in two dimensional arrays of tunnel junctions.8 pages RevTEx, 1 postscript figure includedCondensed Mattertext