2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/86518The melting of 2D dust clusters caused by one additional particle in the lower layer has experimentally been observed to undergo a two-step transition, which divides the phase of the cluster into three stages. The first transition is a jump of the dust kinetic energy due to the onset of an instability of the lower-layer particle, shifting the cluster from an ordinary to a hot crystalline state. The second transition is the actual phase transition into a liquid state, which occurs at a decisively lower gas pressure. The detailed dynamical properties of the system during the transition were determined in terms of the normal mode analysis.12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)Plasma Physicstext