2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/22312We present a general Ginzburg-Landau theory of electrostatic interactions and electric field effects for the order parameter, the polarization, and the charge density. Electric field effects are then investigated in near-critical fluids and liquid crystals. Some new predictions are given on the liquid-liquid phase transition in polar binary mixtures with a small fraction of ions and the deformation of the liquid crystal order around a charged particle.31 pages, 6 figures, ARW NATO Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids, Poland, 2003Soft Condensed MatterStatistical Mechanicstext