2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/203262Identifying the fundamental degrees of freedom of a black hole poses a long-standing puzzle. In hep-th/0511133 Goldberger and Rothstein forwarded a theory of the low frequency degrees of freedom within the effective field theory approach, where they are relevancy-ordered but of unclear physical origin. Here these degrees of freedom are identified with near-horizon but non-compact gravitational perturbations which are decomposed into delocalized multipoles. Their world-line (kinetic) action is determined within the classical effective field theory (CLEFT) approach and their interactions are discussed. The case of the long-wavelength scattering of a scalar wave off a Schwarzschild black hole is treated in some detail, interpreting within the CLEFT approach the equality of the leading absorption cross section with the horizon area.8 pages. Awarded fifth prize in the 2008 Gravity Research Foundation essay contest. v2: minor changesHigh Energy Physics - TheoryGeneral Relativity and Quantum Cosmologytext