2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/6100Eternal inflation is shown to require violations of the Null Energy Condition (NEC) on superhorizon scales. With light scalar fields as the matter sources in a de Sitter background, there can be no classical or semiclassical violations of the NEC. However, quantum fluctuations of the energy-momentum tensor, described by an expectation value of four field operators, do lead to large-scale NEC violations. The backreaction of such quantum fluctuations on the inflating spacetime is generally deduced at a heuristic level and leads to the eternal inflation scenario. A rigorous treatment of the backreaction will necessarily include fluctuations of the metric, and several new effects are expected to come into play.Talk presented at Davis Inflation Meeting, 2003 (astro-ph/0304225)Astrophysicstext