2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/894It is shown that in presence of URCA shell pulsational energy losses due to neutrino emission and nonequilibrium beta heating are much less than energy losses by excitation of short-wavelength acoustic waves. Convective motion in presence of URCA shell is considered, and equations generalizing the mean free path model of convection are derived.8 pages, 3 figures. Proc. 10th Workshop "Nuclear Astrophysics", Rindberg Castle, Tegensee, Germany; March 20-25, 2000Astrophysicstext