2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/138809We attempt to develop a general algebro-geometric study of the moduli stack of commutative, 1-parameter formal Lie groups. We emphasize the pro-algebraic structure of this stack: it is the inverse limit, over varying n, of moduli stacks of n-buds, and these latter stacks are algebraic. Our main results pertain to aspects of the height stratification relative to fixed prime p on the stacks of buds and formal Lie groups. We conclude with a largely expository account of some foundational material on limits in bicategories.69 pages; submitted for publication. This version is slightly condensed and reorganized from the previous one, and much of the introduction has been rewritten. There are no mathematical changesAlgebraic GeometryCategory Theory14L05 (Primary); 14D20, 18A30, 18D05 (Secondary)text