2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/130886Given an arbitrary long but finite sequence of observations from a finite set, we construct a simple process that approximates the sequence, in the sense that with high probability the empirical frequency, as well as the empirical one-step transitions along a realization from the approximating process, are close to that of the given sequence. We generalize the result to the case where the one-step transitions are required to be in given polyhedra.Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000643 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)Statistics Theory60J99, 62M09, 93E03. (Primary)text