2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/127958We present a new variant of the quantum adversary method. All adversary methods give lower bounds on the quantum query complexity of a function by bounding the change of a progress function caused by one query. All previous variants upper-bound the_difference_ of the progress function, whereas our new variant upper-bounds the_ratio_ and that is why we coin it the multiplicative adversary. The new method generalizes to all functions the new quantum lower-bound method by Ambainis [Amb05, ASW06] based on the analysis of eigenspaces of the density matrix. We prove a strong direct product theorem for all functions that have a multiplicative adversary lower bound.15 pages, v2: removed an incorrect claim, v3: cleaned up, commented better, added stronger bound for ORQuantum Physicstext