2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/104058The basic laws of geometrical optics can be deduced from energy-momentum conservation for electromagnetic waves, without other wave concepts. However, the concept of quanta is required; it arises naturally, hence such a hypothesis could have arisen earlier than it did historically. Measurements to determine the angles of reflection and refraction demand that each incident quantum be either reflected or refracted; such a separation is central to the experimental results.4 pages, no figuresPhysics EducationOpticstext