2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/90307The main argument against the assumption that quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are real is that they do not activate photon detectors. In order to met this objection I study several models of photon counter compatible with the reality of the fluctuations. The models predict a nonlinear dependence of the counting rate with the light intensity and the existence of a nonthermal dark rate, results which might explain the difficulty for performing loophole-free optical tests of Bell's inequality.10 pages, no figuresQuantum Physicstext