2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/117781The second relative homotopy group π_2(V(\C),V(\R)) (of the complex relative to the real points of an algebraic variety) encodes interesting information about the `bubbling' phenomena of quantum cohomology. We consider these groups in particular for genus zero Deligne-Mumford moduli spaces, as well as for certain generalizations introduced more recently by Manin and Losev.An attempt to encode bubbling into the fundamental group(oid)Quantum AlgebraAlgebraic Geometry14N35,18D50,55P48text