2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/56046To obtain some exact results of U(1) gauge theory (QED), we construct the low energy effective action of N=2 supersymmetric QED with a massless matter and Fayet-Iliopoulos term, assuming no confinement. The harmonic superspace formalism for N=2 extended supersymmetry makes the construction easy. We analyze the vacuum structure and find no vacuum. It suggests the confinement in non-supersymmetric QED at low energies.15 pages, 3 figures. Using Revtex macroHigh Energy Physics - Theorytext