2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/160369An optimized method for estimating path-ensemble averages using data from processes driven in opposite directions is presented. Based on this estimator, bidirectional expressions for reconstructing free energies and potentials of mean force from single-molecule force spectroscopy - valid for biasing potentials of arbitrary stiffness - are developed. Numerical simulations on a model potential indicate that these methods perform better than unidirectional strategies.4 pages, 2 figuresStatistical Mechanicstext