2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/17837We construct spin-1/2 collective excitations in BEC of interacting spin-1 atoms. These excitations exist in states with a maximal global degeneracy. The stability and energy of these objects are determined by interactions with spin fluctuations and are studied based on a duality relation between hyper-monopoles and magnetic monopoles in physical space.5 pagesStatistical MechanicsStrongly Correlated Electronstext