2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/149508I review the current status of lattice Monte-Carlo computations of the equation of state of QCD, our current understanding of the thermalization process at collider energies, and two new theoretical developments, one pertaining to the ab-initio calculation of the low-$x$ gluon structure of heavy nuclei, the other to the chaotic behavior of QCD. At the end I give a brief overview of the status of various quark-gluon plasma signatures.sprocl.sty, 8 pages, talk at PANIC-96Nuclear TheoryHigh Energy Physics - PhenomenologyProbing the Fifth State of Matter with Relativistic Heavy Ions: A Theoretical Overviewtext