2026-07-072026-07-07http://salesiana.dossiersoluciones.com/handle/123456789/199959The formation of fragments in proton-induced reactions at low relativistic energies within a combination of a covariant dynamical transport model and a statistical approach is investigated. In particular, we discuss in detail the applicability and limitations of such a hybrid model by comparing data on fragmentation at low relativistic $SIS/GSI$-energies.Revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. BNuclear TheoryNuclear Experimenttext